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Staying safe: Valley hospitals see spike in snake bites

Patrick Hotchkiss spent his second night in the hospital Monday night.  He was flown by helicopter to Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center after being bitten by a rattlesnake on Sunday afternoon.  “It was like a couple pieces of glass stabbed into you and snapped off. It was very clean and sharp,” said Hotchkiss.  Doctors at the hospital said they’ve seen eight snakebites in the past week. Four happened over the weekend.  “Number wise, Arizona is probably has the most poisonous snakes compared to any other states,” said Dr. Michael Levine. Bites can be deadly but it’s rare.  Symptoms often include significant swelling, immediate pain that intensifies over time, and venom from a bite can lead to other complications.  “It affects your blood and makes you bleed a lot more and really makes your blood a little too think and effects the ability to form blood clots,” said Levine.  Levine said a lot of snakebites happen when someone teases or tries to pickup a snake.  He encourages people to avoid snakes or walking around them.  Levine said anyone bitten by a snake should avoid wrapping or putting a bandage on the bite.  He also discourages anyone from sucking or trying to cut out the venom.  Instead, Levine said anyone bitten should leave the bite alone and call for help immediately.

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How to handle a rattlesnake bite

May 6, 7:49 AM

Rattlesnakes are plentiful along the Front Range. Make sure you know what to do if one happens to get the best of you.  Photo: Colorado Division of Wildlife

Most anyone that has ever been outside for much time has had the thought: What do I do if I get bit by a rattlesnake? One scenario flashes in the mind. It is a scene straight out of any western movie or adventure film: kill the snake, get something tightly wrapped around the arm or leg, just above the bite, cut open the wound with a knife and suck out the poison, making sure to spit and not swallow.

That is not exactly the best way to handle a snake bite. M Cerato and W.F. Andelt, both with the Colorado State University Extension, propose a simpler and safer alternative. They say that “the most useful snakebite first aid kit is car keys and coins for calling the hospital.” In other words, seek medical attention quickly.

Here are more guidlines from Cerato and Andelt:

1. Remain calm so as not to increase circulation and thus the spread of the venom.
2. Immediately remove anything from the body that may cause increased swelling below the bite area (i.e., rings, watch, shoes, tight clothing, etc.)
3. If possible, wash the wound with soap and water. If available, a Sawyer Extractor Pump may be used to remove some of the venom. Be familiar with the procedure and instructions before you need to use it. 
4. Immobilize the bite area, keeping it in a neutral to below the heart position.
5. Get to the hospital immediately. Do not wait for the pain to get severe. The use of approved antivenom is the most effective treatment for envenomation. If possible, have another person drive, and call ahead to the hospital and the poison center.

And here’s what not to do:

• Do not use a tourniquet.
• Do not make an incision at the bite site.
• Do not suck out the venom with your mouth as this may increase the risk of infection.
• Do not pack the limb in ice.

For more from Cerato and Andelt, read their rattlesnake information page, Coping with snakes.

The plain fact is that hiking around the Front Range for any amount of time in the summer could mean an encounter with a rattlesnake. Knowing what they look like and sound like will go a long ways in preventing a bite. If you do happen to hear a snake, don’t start running. Look around calmly and slowly. When you have spotted the snake, don’t panic. In most cases, and given any chance, the snake will move out. The last thing a snake wants is a confrontation with a human.

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Rattlesnakes Bite 4 Over Weekend

Cara Liu
Reporter, KPHO.com

PHOENIX – Banner Poison Control Center treated four patients this past weekend for rattlesnake bites. There have been eight victims in the past week.

 

Experts said that means this is the time to take precautions; snakes are particularly active when daytime temperatures remain above 82 degrees Fahrenheit. 

Patrick Hotchkiss of Quartzsite, AZ was one of the victims. He had just stepped off his porch Sunday afternoon when he was struck. 

“I felt two sharp things, sort of akin to piece of broken glass that snaps off,” said Patrick Hotchkiss, from his hospital bed at Banner Good Samaritan Hospital.

Hotchkiss said this particular snake was about 2-and-a-half feet long and did not rattle prior to striking.

 

“I should’ve been more vigilant. Usually I am,” said Hotchkiss. 

The snake bit him on the right heel. His ankle swelled to twice its normal size. He’s in some pain, but doctors say he’ll recover. 

Some of the other victims were gardening or hiking. One child was playing in a yard. 

But others got closer than they should have. 

Doctors said one man was bitten on the hand after trying to pet a snake. They said the man had been drinking prior to the incident. 

“We’ve seen several people who’ve tried petting the snakes, and even on occasion people trying to kiss the snake. Any of those things usually result in the patient getting bitten,” said Dr. Michael Levine, a toxicologist at Banner Poison Control Center. 

Doctors said it’s important to call for help or get to a hospital after a rattlesnake bite. 

“Typically the snake’s envenomation can cause a lot of muscle problems and can cause a lot of bleeding problems,” said Dr. Levine. 

Doctors also want to dispel some common myths surrounding rattlesnake bites. 

They said do not use a tourniquet to restrict blood flow. Do not cut the bite site or try to suction out the venom. Also, do not try to capture the snake and bring it to the hospital. Identification of the snake is not necessary for treatment.

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Rattlers emerging from their winter hibernation

By LIZETH CAZARES

Created: 04/29/2009 02:32:37 AM PDT

 

Rattle snakes are becoming common sights this time of year in the Capay Valley. (Coutesy)

It’s rattlesnake season, and veterinarians at the Woodland Veterinary Hospital are already dealing with the consequences. 

Dr. Keith Robe said in the past couple of weeks, the hospital has taken care of two dogs from Capay Valley who came in with rattlesnake bites. They have also had reports that a yearling young horse in Winters was bitten in the nose.

 

“Unfortunately, when snakes come to inhabited areas any curious animals are at risk of getting bitten,” said Dr. Ellie Johnson, another veterinarian at the hospital.

 

It’s common to have these types of calls around this time of year, said Robe, and the hospital is obtaining antivenin for the months to come.

 

“We’re stocking up on that in preparation,” Robe said.

 

Last year, the California Poison Control System received 239 calls from people bitten by rattlesnakes throughout California, said executive director Stewart Heard. The CPCS also tends to see a spike of calls in the beginning of the season.

 

“It is an issue, so it’s a good time to remind people,” he said. “They’re in a lot of places, particularly the foothills.”

 

Yolo County Animal Services also gets its fair share of calls concerning rattlesnakes, said Chief Animal Service Officer Vicky Fletcher.

 

So far the department hasn’t received any, but since rattlesnake season starts in April and continues until the cold months officers won’t be surprised if they do.

 

“This is the time of year when rattle snakes start coming out of hibernation,” Fletcher said.

 

She said the warm weather causes female and baby rattlesnakes to come out of the ground. While they tend to stay near rocky areas and bodies of water, sometimes they find their way into trucks and get carried around the area.

 

“We’ve seen them in the city and found them in the darndest places,” she said.

 

Elizabeth Campbell, executive director for the Capay Valley Regional Chamber of Commerce, said she hasn’t seen any rattlesnakes on her property yet, but already sees the signs of rattlesnake season.

 

On Tuesday, she said she saw two dead snakes on the side of the County Road 16.

 

“Some people think it’s an infestation,” she said. “But it’s just normal for this time of the year.”

 

There are several things residents can do to protect themselves throughout rattlesnake season.

 

Fletcher advises that if someone sees a rattlesnake to back off.

 

“Leave it alone and bring in your pets,” she said. “Usually, it will go along on its merry way.”

 

People can then call Animal Services or any of the local removal companies found in the yellow pages.

 

Fletcher also reminds the public that if they see one baby rattlesnake they need to be careful since they’re usually found in groups. Baby rattlesnakes tend to be especially dangerous since they so can’t control the amount of venom they release.

 

Dr. Robe advises people who have pets to take extra precautions as well.

 

“First of all, make sure that pets in areas where snake are prevalent are kept on leashes and not let them run off on their own,” he said.

 

There is also a vaccine dogs can receive which will help protect them from dying of rattlesnake bites, but even then he recommends that they are brought in for emergency care.

 

Fletcher just reminds people to be careful during this time of the year, especially if they live in areas where rattlesnakes might be found.

 

“If you live in that kind of terrain you just have to be careful and watch out for them,” she said.

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(Alexandria, VA) - Springtime brings new poison exposure dangers, warns the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC).  Poisonous plants, snakes, pesticides and fuel products are just a few hazards of which consumers should be aware…

Warm weather inevitably brings out insect hordes.  Wear a Medic-Alert bracelet if you suffer from a life-threatening allergic reaction to insect bites or stings.

In the spring, snakes emerge from their winter hibernation hungry for food and water.  The best way to prevent snake bite is to avoid them – most people are bitten when trying to capture or otherwise disturb the creatures. 

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Use common sense in rattlesnake country

By Terry Knight — Record-Bee outdoors columnist

Updated: 04/28/2009 11:23:29 PM PDT

Along with its many deer, bears, birds and other wildlife, Lake County has an abundance of rattlesnakes and the spring months are when they begin to appear. Rattlesnakes can be found beneath old lumber piles, in barns and sheds, and even in backyards.

According to the Depart-ment of Fish and Game (DFG), rattlesnakes are the only native poisonous snake in Northern California. The most common rattlesnake in Lake County is the Pacific rattlesnake.

Whereas few things can raise the hair on your neck such as the sound of a rattler buzzing, the chances of getting bitten by a rattler are about the same as winning the lottery.

If you spend anytime hiking in the woods, sooner or later you’re going to come face to face with one of these critters. This is especially true for fishermen and hikers. Of all the years I have spent hiking and hunting in the woods of Lake County, I have encountered dozens of rattlesnakes but never have I been threatened by one. A few have buzzed at me but most have just crawled away.

They are secretive animals and would rather hide than fight. Actually, just about every outdoor person at one time or another has passed within a few feet of a rattler and not known it. Most of the time they just silently slither away unseen when approached by humans.

The rattlesnake is preyed upon by many predators in the wild despite its venomous bite. A coyote or a bobcat will never pass up the chance to make a meal of a rattlesnake. Hawks and crows can easily kill a rattler.While rattlesnakes do carry enough venom to kill an adult, deaths are rare. In fact, of the approximately 800 recorded rattlesnake bites in California every year, only one or two victims die. About 25 percent of the bites are “dry,” meaning no venom is injected. However, because of the bacteria in the snake’s mouth any bite requires medical attention.

The type of venom in a rattlesnake breaks down the tissue around the bite. When a rattlesnake bites its prey this action of breaking down the tissue hastens the digestive process and allows the snake to swallow its prey. If a human is bitten there is often a loss of tissue around the bite.

A rattlesnake’s fangs also contain bacteria and the venom suppresses the victim’s immune system, making it harder to fight this infection. While this rarely causes death it can result in the loss of a limb.

While the odds of getting bitten by a rattlesnake are low, there are certain precautions one must take when in rattlesnake country. More than 50 percent of all rattlesnake bites occur on the hands or arms. Normally a person will place his hand on a rock while climbing or picking up something. A nearby rattler will strike out in surprise.

Children are five times more likely to be bitten than adults. Most of the children are bitten because they often go barefoot or will actually pick up a rattlesnake out of curiosity.

Rattlesnakes are often found near old buildings or lumber piles. They also like rock piles. Like all wildlife, they are drawn to an area because of food, usually mice. By avoiding these areas you can reduce your chances of coming in contact with a rattlesnake.

What do you do if bitten by a rattlesnake? According to the DFG, the first thing to do if bitten is to stay calm. Generally the most serious effect of a rattlesnake bite to an adult is local tissue damage that needs to be treated. Children, because they are smaller, are in more danger if they are bitten. Get to a doctor as soon as possible, but stay calm. Frenetic, high-speed driving places the victim at greater risk of an accident and increased heart rate. If the doctor is more than 30 minutes away, keep the bite below the heart and try to get to the doctor as quickly as possible.

Wash the bite area gently with soap and water. Remove watches, rings and other jewelry that may constrict swelling. Immobilize the affected area. Transport safely to the nearest medical facility. All of the local hospitals are equipped to handle rattlesnake bites.

According to DFG regulations, the daily limit for taking rattlesnakes is two. No license is required and they can be taken by any method.

Most biologists say not to indiscriminately kill a rattlesnake. They eat gophers, moles and other pests and are a big part of our ecosystem. If they don’t bother you, don’t bother them. After all, they were here millions of years before us and will probably be here long after we’re gone.

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Fatal snakebites rare but still require emergency first-aid

29 April, 2009 06:45:00Keith Murray

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I receive a lot of questions about snakebites while conducting training classes onboard yachts, so this month I would like to start by telling you what not to do.

Do not cut or suck on the wound. In addition to the obvious risk factors to the rescuer, you can damage skin and organs, increase the risk of infection, and it will not remove venom.

Do not use ice. Ice has no effect on venom.

Do not use alcohol. Alcohol will not help and may increase venom absorption.

Do not use a tourniquet. They do not stop venom and may cause the victim to lose a limb.

There are more than 3,000 species of snakes worldwide; about 500 species are venomous. About 5 million snakebites occur worldwide each year, causing about 125,000 deaths.

Venom is basically a modified form of saliva. It immobilizes prey so a snake can eat. It acts quickly, affecting the central nervous system, lungs and heart.

If you are bitten by a poisonous snake or lizard, seek emergency medical care immediately. Don’t wait until you experience symptoms.

Never try to kill or capture the reptile just to identify it. Further exposure risks an additional bite. A snake has the ability to bite and release venom by reflex for up to 90 minutes after it is dead. Get as much information about the reptile as possible. If you can safely take a picture, this may help.

Antivenin may not be readily available at every medical facility. Call ahead to find the best place to be treated for the specific bite.

In North America, we have several snakes and lizards that are poisonous: pit vipers, which include rattlesnakes, copperheads and water moccasins/cotton mouths; coral snakes; the Gila monster; and the Mexican bearded lizard. In Maine, Alaska and Hawaii, there are no native poisonous snakes.

Symptoms from snakebites may appear within minutes or take hours. Symptoms may include severe burning or pain where bitten, swelling that starts at the bite and spreads, and possible bleeding from the wound as well as blistering, fever, nervous system disruption, numbness, convulsions, excessive sweating, diarrhea, vision problems, increased thirst, nausea and vomiting, rapid pulse, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing and/or cessation of breathing.

Sea snakes and some Australian snakes can cause muscle death in multiple areas of the body. These dead muscle cells can clog the kidneys, which can lead to kidney failure.

Use caution when dealing with snakebites. A victim may have no initial significant symptoms, and then suddenly develop breathing difficulty and go into shock.

If you do not develop any symptoms after 10-12 hours, it is possible that you were either bitten by a non-venomous snake or no venom was injected. This type of dry bite occurs in approximately 25 percent to 50 percent of all bites.

Of those bites where venom was injected into the body, only about 10 percent are severe. But even if you do not develop symptoms after 10 hours, still seek medical attention and continue to look for symptoms for the next several weeks.

Snakebite victims should seek medical care unless the snake is positively identified as non-venomous. If you are not certain the snake is non-venomous seek medical attention.

A victim who is young, old or has health problems is generally at greater risk than a healthy adult. Factors that affect the severity of a poisonous snake or lizard bite include type and size of the reptile, as well as the quantity of the venom injected, the potency of the venom, the location and depth of the bite, and the number of bites.

Bites by non-venomous species require good wound care. Wash the bite with lots of soap and water and carefully inspect the wound for broken fangs, dirt or debris. Victims that have not had a tetanus booster within the past five years should get one.

Remove any constricting items, such as rings, wrist watches or other jewelry that could reduce blood flow if the bite area swells. Immobilize the bitten area and keep it lower than the heart. Cover the area with a clean, cool bandage to minimize swelling, and monitor vital signs. If any changes occur, immediately call or radio for help.

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I would have to agree. I hate when people just automatically kill a rattlesnake out in the wild. Interesting that lightning poses so much of a greater threat.

Don’t let snake rattle you

I recently received an e-mail I thought I would share with you. It was written by Marsha, a Desert Sun reader from the Coachella Valley.

“Today I had an incident on the Bump and Grind Trail that really disturbed me. I was at the bottom of the last hill when I encountered a rattlesnake, maybe 2 feet long. My instinct was to watch this beautiful creature. I felt honored at being in its presence.

“Then this horrid man came along the trail and wanted to crush the snake with a rock. I said you are not going to throw a rock at this rattlesnake. He said ‘I am going to kill it with a rock.’ I said ‘You are not.’ I stood in the way of this man and guarded the snake. He was insistent he was going to kill the snake with a rock. I told him the snake had a right to be there, and he should be grateful to see it.

“Basically, he shouted that I was nuts. I stood guard over the snake until he finally left with his three boys. I was so grateful to see the snake and save it from this awful man.”

I can’t remember how many times I have heard such accounts from friends, relatives and people I have just met.

I commend Marsha for her willingness to confront a man who was eager to kill the rattlesnake. For those who might wonder, I would have followed Marsha’s lead.

Rattlesnakes are one component, one living part, of our desert environment. Most rattlesnakes spend their lives hunting and eating rodents and other small mammals. This time of year, they are also searching for mates.

Rattlesnakes do everything in their power to avoid detection by large animals, particularly humans. They have evolved a rattle that functions as a warning device when an enemy approaches to close.

Nearly all potential human- rattlesnake encounters are prevented when the rattlesnake shakes its tail, giving humans a chance to move away. I have encountered more than 1,000 rattlesnakes in my life, and only once did a rattlesnake not rattle before it struck at me. I was not watching where I placed my feet and shoved my boot into its side. Its fangs caught my pant leg but not me!

Each year, a handful of people in the United States die from venomous snakes bites. Of these deaths, most involve keepers or researchers that regularly handle venomous snakes.

By contrast, dozens of people die as a result of attacks from their pets (particularly dogs), hundreds die from honeybee stings and many thousands as a result of reckless drivers.

In the grand scheme of things, the threat posed by a wild rattlesnake is almost nonexistent. The average outdoor enthusiast is 1,000 times more likely to die from a lightning strike than from a rattlesnake bite.

If destroying something is based upon the threat it poses to our well-being, no matter how minor the threat might be, then we might as well destroy everything we see, hear or touch.

Frankly, the man who wanted to pick up the rock and smash the rattlesnake in front of his three sons scares me a lot more than even the largest rattlesnake.

James Cornett is the author of “Rattlesnakes: Answers to Frequent Questions.”

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First Aid Training – Quick Response to a Snake Bite

• by Bobbie McKee

Snake bites are serious. If not treated quickly, the victim can experience extreme reaction to venom and in a matter of minutes, the result can be fatal. Since majority of snake bites occur in a remote area, emergency medical help is difficult to acquire. Thus it is important that there is a person in your group with proper first aid training in order to administer temporary treatment to the victim.

 

What to do in case of a snake bite:

Snakes only attack if under treat, so the cases of snake bites can be attributed to people who get very near to the location of the snake or where snakes live. Thus, the very first thing you should do to the victim is to move him to a safe place. Once the victim is on a safe location, keep him still and administer the first aid.

If possible, try to identify the species of snake that caused the bite. Take a pictureor have a visual memory of the snake if you cannot name the specie. This is veryimportant since there are a lot of venomous snakes in America and the anti-venom that should be given must be compatible with the snake that bit the victim.

If you were not able to identify the snake, at least, pinpoint the exact location of where the incident happened. Location gives clues to the type of snake that lives in the area.

Remove any tight fitting clothing, a rope, lace or jewelry and use it to tie a light restricting bond inches away on both sides of the area that is bitten. Timing is crucial. So if the victim cries for help, do this procedure in the quickest possible time.

Ask someone to call for help. Remember that first aid treatment only aims to prevent, reduce, or slow down the effects of the venom, minimize the complications of the venom and ready the victim for professional medical treatment. Call 911 right away.

Do not cut into the wound as it can only create infections.

Apply a strong suction with the mouth or using bite kit suction device if available. Do this continuously on the deepest puncture marks, within seconds of the bite.

Clean the entire area with soap and warm water. Use antiseptic cleanser if available.

Do not feed the victim nor give him something to drink. Alcohol should not be given to the victim as it can add to the stress level.

Keep the victim warm and immobilized.

Check the bonds regularly. If swelling occurs, loosen as necessary.

Check for the signs of shock. If there are signs of unusual discomfort or major stress, assess if the victim requires other first aid techniques. Keep the bite away from the heart.

Keep doing the above procedures until help arrives.

Transporting the victim to the hospital is crucial. Make sure that he stays warm, immobilized and as comfortable as possible.

Give words of reassurance that everything will going to be okay and survival is out of the question.

Be ready to provide assistance. Contact the relatives of the victim, give useful information about the incident, protect the scene material and describe the first aidadministered.

In some cases, professional help takes a while to arrive so make sure that you keep your focus, stay calm and coordinate with the people around as first aid training is useless if you are not able to stay on top of the whole situation.

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Heat brings out Yuma’s poisonous predators

Story by Lance Cpl. Austin Hazard 

Photo by Lance Cpl. Austin Hazard

A Mohave rattlesnake stirs in a terrarium in the station pest controller’s office April 14. The snake, which is one of the most deadly North American snakes, was discovered in a field shower tent at the Barry M. Goldwater Range here April 6 during a Weapons and Tactics Instructor course exercise.

With summer approaching, residents here should be wary of increased insect and reptile activity in the area. 

Critters, such as scorpions, spiders and snakes, can be dangerous and are encountered more frequently during the warmer months. 

“The warmer it is, the more active they are,” said Jerry McCluskey, station pest controller. “I’ve already had more snake calls this season than I have the previous two years.” 

The bark scorpion, a common variety in the desert Southwest, can be identified by the way it lays its tail flat and to the side, instead of curved in the air. This allows it to squeeze into small and narrow cracks. Bark scorpions are particularly active at night and prefer dark damp areas. 

Another dangerous critter to look out for here is the female black widow spider. They are identified by their long, thin legs and red or orange hourglass-shaped marks on their undersides. Males are tan in color and considerably smaller. 

Black widow bites can go unnoticed and symptoms may not appear for up to six hours. Bites typically cause inflammation, progressive aches, muscle pain and in some cases may lead to death. 

Snakes, such as the sidewinder, Mohave and diamondback rattlesnakes are other warm-weather creatures to be wary of. 

The sidewinder rattlesnake is the most common snake found here, said McCluskey. It is identified by its sandy coloring, unique sideways movement and the hornlike point over each eye. 

Known to be one of the deadliest snakes in North America, the Mohave rattlesnake has a diamond pattern along its back, with black and white markings near the tip of its tail. The Diamondback rattlesnake, though not as dangerous, can be nearly identical in appearance to the Mohave. 

Despite being native to the area, the Mohave rattlesnake is reclusive and rarely seen, said McCluskey. 

Although a Mohave was recently found in a showering tent on the Barry M. Goldwater Range during the Weapons and Tactics Instructor course here, it was the first report in five years, said McCluskey. 

Younger rattlesnakes are often more dangerous than older ones. 

“The chances of getting bitten by a small rattlesnake are greater than with a large rattlesnake, because they get in smaller spots and they can’t warn you,” said McCluskey. “I usually only see the small ones, because the older ones are smart enough to know to stay away.” 

Younger rattlesnakes also have less control over their venom. An adult rattlesnake can decide how much venom it wants to inject into you, but baby rattlesnakes, they can’t control their venom, said McCluskey. 

Snake bites should always be considered poisonous, said McCluskey. The best thing to do for venomous bites and stings is isolate the injury, keep it elevated above the heart, and contact emergency services immediately. 

While waiting for medical help, victims should remain calm. 

“If you get excited, your heart rate is going to increase, and that’s going to speed up your circulation,” said Art Chavez Jr., station fire department assistant training chief. “With poison in your blood, that’s obviously bad.” 

Victims should not attempt to treat the wound in any way or remove the venom. 

“You can’t suck the venom out.” said McCluskey. “That’s a Hollywood thing.” 

If stung by a scorpion or spider, victims should be careful about removing stingers from the wound. 

“Scrape the stinger away with a credit card,” said Chavez. “Trying to pull it out could squeeze more poison out of it.” 

Anyone unsure if they were bitten by a spider or scorpion should call emergency services immediately. Taking an antihistamine while they wait for symptoms to appear can help reduce potential allergic reactions. 

McCluskey advises people to be aware of their surroundings and be cautious of small, dark, enclosed spaces in order to avoid bites and stings. Also, pay attention to anything that sounds like a rattlesnake’s warning. 

“Don’t ever put your hand where you can’t see it,” said McCluskey. “And be sure to shake out things like shoes, especially when they’ve been left outside.”